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【○隻字片羽○雪泥鴻爪○】



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既然有緣到此一訪,
何妨放鬆一下妳(你)的心緒,
歇一歇妳(你)的腳步,
讓我陪妳(你)喝一杯香醇的咖啡吧!

這裡是一個完全開放的交心空間,
躺在綠意漾然的草原上,望著晴空的藍天,
白雲和微風嬉鬧著,無拘無束的赤著腳,
可以輕輕鬆鬆的道出心中情。

天馬行空的釋放著胸懷,緊緊擁抱著彼此的情緒。
共同分享著彼此悲歡離合的酸甜苦辣。
互相激勵,互相撫慰,互相提攜,
一齊向前邁進。

也因為有妳(你)的來訪,我們認識了。
請讓我能擁有機會回拜於妳(你)空間的機會。
謝謝妳(你)!

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2017年5月25日 星期四

Antarctic turning green as global warming triggers moss explosion


http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/antarctic-turning-green-moss-growing-climate-change-global-warming-a7743246.html

Antarctic turning green as global warming triggers moss explosion

Scientists say the frozen continent is likely to 'alter rapidly under future warming, leading to major changes in the biology and landscape of this iconic region'
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The Independent Online

The Antarctic is turning green with rising temperatures having a “dramatic effect” on the growth of moss in the frozen continent, scientists have discovered.
Since 1950, temperatures in the Antarctic Peninsula have risen by about half a degree Celsius each decade – much faster than the global average.
And growth rates of moss after about 1950 have been running at four to five times the level before that year, according to a study by UK-based researchers who studied three sites across a 1,000km stretch of the peninsula.
Scientists are currently considering whether to formally adopt 1950 as the start of a new geological epoch called the Anthropocene because of the astonishing global effects that modern humans are having on the Earth.
In addition to climate change, the extinction of animal species, plastic waste – there could be more of that than fish in the sea by 2050 – ash from fossil fuels and radioactive particles from nuclear bomb tests will all leave a permanent record in the planet’s future rocks.
Researchers from Exeter and Cambridge universities and the British Antarctic Survey studied a 150-year period of moss growth in the Antarctic Peninsula by taking samples from the material laid down each year.
Dr Matt Amesbury, who took part in the study, told The Independent: “What we found were these large, dramatic changes occurring in all of our cores.
“On average, in terms of the growth rate of moss before and after 1950, there has been a four to five-fold increase in average growth rates.”
He added that change had kicked in at different times depending on the location between 1950 and 1980.
“Between 1950 and 2000 in the Antarctic Peninsula, temperatures increased by half a degree per decade on average,” said Dr Amesbury, of Exeter University.
“The reason we are so confident our mosses are responding primarily to temperature is because of the very wide-scale response we see in our moss banks … from three different sites 1,000km across the Antarctic Peninsula.”
The researchers, who reported the results of their study in an open-access paper in the journal Cell Biology, also looked into how sensitive the moss would be to further warming.
“The results of that analysis lead us to believe there will be a future ‘greening’ of the Antarctic and a further increase in moss growth rates.
“We are likely to see moss particularly colonising new areas of ice-free land created by the warmer climate … and particularly things like glacier retreat.”
However the Antarctic has a long way to go before its appearance is radically transformed.
“There is 0.34 per cent of the entire Antarctic continent that is predominantly ice-free,” Dr Amesbury said.
“Whilst we are talking about a greening and our results show quite strongly there is likely to be increased moss growth in terms of the rate and spatial coverage, as a whole the Antarctic will remain a white place for a long time to come.
“But these vivid splashes of green in the ice white are something that we should be increasingly aware of.”
Those who doubt global warming is already happening should take note.
“The Antarctic is perhaps thought of as a very remote region, one of the last places that might be relatively untouched by humankind,” Dr Amesbury said.
“But this is, absolutely, further evidence the ecosystems in the Antarctic, particularly the Antarctic Peninsula, are responding to human-induced climate change.”
Fellow research Professor Dan Charman, also from Exeter, said the changes were likely to be significant.
“The sensitivity of moss growth to past temperature rises suggests that ecosystems will alter rapidly under future warming, leading to major changes in the biology and landscape of this iconic region,” he said.
“In short, we could see Antarctic greening to parallel well-established observations in the Arctic.
“Although there was variability within our data, the consistency of what we found across different sites was striking.”
The researchers, who were funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), now plan to examine core records dating back over thousands of years to test how much climate change affected ecosystems before human activity started causing global warming.

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