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Right-wing extremism: The new wave of global terrorism
Sean Spence · The Conversation 28 Oct 2020
2020年10月31日 星期六
🌿💜I love people who make me laugh.+01
🌿💜I
love people who make me laugh.
I honestly think it's the thing I like most, to laugh.
It cures a multitude of ills.
It's
probably the most important thing in a person.💜🍀🌼🌻🌺🌷🥀
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someone is going through a storm, your silent presence is more
powerful than a million, empty words.💜🍀🌼🌻🌺🌷🥀
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🌿💜Sunsets
are so beautiful that they almost seem as if we were looking through
the gates of Heaven ...💜🍀🌼🌻🌺🌷🥀
Good morning, my dear, take more care & smile... 🌹💜🍀🌼🌻🌺🌷🥀+11
Good morning, my dear, take more care & smile... 🌹💜🍀🌼🌻🌺🌷🥀
Wish you have a healthy safety & wonderful Saturday!... 💜💗💞💓💕💖💘💝
Happy enjoy... 💜☕🥐🧀☕🍌🥝🍎🍅🍓☕☕☕
2020年10月30日 星期五
What is ‘Long COVID（中共肺炎病毒）’ and what parts of the body does it affect?
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/10/covid-coronavirus-symptoms-health/
What is ‘Long COVID（中共肺炎病毒）’ and what parts of the body does it affect?
Coronavirus can cause symptoms affecting the brain, cardiovascular system and heart, the kidneys, the gut, the liver and the skin.
Image: REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol
- So-called 'long COVID' might actually be four different syndromes, doctors say.
- While the illness starts in the respiratory system, symptoms can fluctuate around the brain, cardiovascular system and heart, the kidneys, the gut, the liver and the skin.
- It's vital both doctors and patients continue to report these symptoms, so medical researchers can better understand COVID-19.
Ongoing illness after infection with COVID-19, sometimes called “long COVID”, may not be one syndrome but possibly up to four causing a rollercoaster of symptoms affecting all parts of the body and mind.
Have you read?
A red blood cell infected with coronavirus.
Image: via REUTERS
In an initial report about long-term COVID-19, Britain’s National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) said one common theme among ongoing COVID patients - some of whom are seven months or more into their illness - is that symptoms appear in one physiological area, such as the heart or lungs, only to abate and then arise again in a different area.
“This review highlights the detrimental physical and psychological impact that ongoing COVID is having on many people’s lives,” said Dr Elaine Maxwell, who led the report.
Many thousands of people worldwide have linked up on social media platforms and online forums to share their experiences of ongoing COVID-19 symptoms. Some call themselves “long haulers” while others have named their condition “long COVID”.
According to UK-based patient group LongCovidSOS, data from a King’s College London-devised symptom tracker app shows that 10% of COVID-19 patients remain unwell after three weeks, and up to 5% may continue to be sick for months.
Maxwell, who presented the findings of the “Living with COVID” report in an online media briefing, said health services are already struggling “to manage these new and fluctuating patterns of symptoms and problems”.
She and her co-authors urged patients and doctors to log and track symptoms so that health researchers can learn more about the condition and how to ease it as swiftly as possible.
“Despite the uncertainties, people need help now,” she said. “We need to collect more data.”
For this initial report, Maxwell’s team held a focus group with 14 members of a Facebook group called Long COVID.
Their testimony suggested ongoing COVID can be cyclical, Maxwell said, with symptoms fluctuating in severity and moving around the body including around the respiratory system, the brain, cardiovascular system and heart, the kidneys, the gut, the liver and the skin.
“There are powerful stories that ongoing COVID symptoms are experienced by people of all ages, and people from all backgrounds,” the report said.
Maxwell said an urgent priority is to establish a working diagnosis recognised by healthcare services, employers and government agencies to help patients get support.
“While this is a new disease and we are learning more about its impact..., services will need to be better equipped to support people with ongoing COVID, as emerging evidence is showing there are significant psychological and social impacts that will have long term consequences,” the report said.
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Right-wing extremism: The new wave of global terrorism
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/10/right-wing-extremism-global-terrorism/
Right-wing extremism: The new wave of global terrorism
There were 310 terrorist attacks resulting in 316 deaths in the United States alone from 2015 to 2019.
Image: REUTERS/Bryan Woolston
- Global terrorism is reaching a new point, with right-wing terrorism becoming prevalent in recent times.
- There has been a 320% rise in right-wing terrorism globally in the five years to 2020.
- Right-wing extremism has been ranked among space security, climate security and emerging technologies as a top global security threat.
In April 2020, the United Nation’s Secretary-General, António Guterres, addressed members of the Security Council by warning them that the COVID-19 pandemic could threaten global peace and security.
If the health crisis was not managed effectively, he feared that its negative economic consequences, along with a mismanaged government response, would provide an opportunity for white supremacists, right-wing extremists and others to promote division, social unrest and even violence to achieve their objectives.
Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer was the focus of kidnapping plot by right-wing extremists.
Image: Michigan Office of the Governor
In early October 2020, less than a month before the United States federal election, the FBI thwarted an alleged terrorism plot by right-wing extremists to kidnap the Michigan governor, storm the state capital building and commit acts of violence against law enforcement.
Their aim, according to court documents, was to start a “civil war leading to societal collapse.” To date, 14 men have been arrested on charges of terrorism and other related crimes. Several of them are linked to the Wolverine Watchmen, a militia-type group in Michigan that espouses anti-government and anti-law enforcement views.
The FBI recently briefed U.S. senators on the evolving concern of domestic violent extremists, groups whose ideological goals to commit violence stem from domestic influences such as social movements like #MeToo, Black Lives Matter and government policies.
The composition of many of these organizations are right-wing terror groups whose grievances are rooted in racism, misogyny, anti-Semitism, anti-LGBTQ sentiments, Islamophobia and perceptions of government overreach. Given the wide range of grievances, these groups are defined as being complex, with overlapping viewpoints from similarly minded individuals advocating different but related ideologies.
Toxic masculinity
Feminist researchers believe the rise of disenfranchised middle-class white males is leading to increased toxic masculinity within society, as evidenced by the increased popularity of the so-called manosphere to share extremist ideas and vent their grievances. Law enforcement agencies are concerned that the manosphere and similar online communities are radicalizing young men to commit violence to achieve their goals.
This concern is valid, with plenty of evidence to support it.
According to the University of Maryland’s Global Terrorism Database, there were 310 terrorist attacks resulting in 316 deaths (excluding perpetrators) in the United States alone from 2015 to 2019.
Most were right-wing extremists, including white nationalists and other alt-right movement members. This alt-right movement also contains the incel (involuntary celibate) members who are a growing threat to women.
But the increase in right-wing terrorism is not just a U.S. problem. The UN Security Council’s Counterterrorism Committee says there’s been a 320 per cent increase in right-wing terrorism globally in the five years prior to 2020.
Brenton Harrison Tarrant pleaded guilty to 51 counts of murder, 40 counts of attempted murder and one count of terrorism for an attack on a mosque.
Image: John Kirk-Anderson/Pool Photo
Recent terrorist attacks in New Zealand (2019), Germany (2019) and Norway (2019) are indicators of this trend. The Centre for Research on Extremism at the University of Oslo reports that both Spain and Greece are growing hotbeds for right-wing terrorism and violence.
Canada isn’t immune to these violent extremist ideologies. Many sympathizers to these causes reside in Canada, and as such there is always a risk for attacks. But the Canadian government is taking notice and has listed Combat 18 and Blood & Honour as right-wing terrorist organizations.
A major global security threat
Right-wing extremism is of such concern that when the top international security policy-makers met at the 2019 Munich Security Conference, they ranked it among space security, climate security and emerging technologies as the top global security threats.
It would appear as though the world is at the dawn of a new age of terrorism that’s different from before. Famed terrorism researcher David C. Rapoport argued in his influential thesis “The Four Waves of Rebel Terror and September 11” that modern terrorism can be categorized into four distinct waves.
The first “Anarchist Wave” began in the 1880s in Russia with the Narodnaya Volya (“The People’s Will”) conducting assassinations of political leaders. It continued until the 1920s, spreading across the Balkans and eventually into the West, influencing the creation of new terror groups within different countries.
The 1920s saw the beginning of the “Anti-Colonial Wave” coming out of the remnants of the First World War, when groups like the Irish Republican Army (IRA) began using ambush tactics against police and military targets to force political change.
the Irish Republican Army (IRA) began using ambush tactics against police and military targets.
Image: Flickr
In the 1960s, the “New Left Wave” was created. This third wave emerged from the perceived oppression of Western countries within the developing world (like Vietnam and the Middle East). Its tactics included plane hijackings, embassy attacks and kidnappings perpetrated by groups like the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
Finally, the 1990s witnessed the birth of the “Religious Wave” in which terror groups like al-Qaida used religious ideology as a justification to overthrow secular governments with martyrdom tactics like suicide bombings.
What all these waves have in common is that they last for a few decades and become infectious over time, spreading across the globe as new groups learn and adopt the successful tactics of previous ones.
The fifth wave?
This brings us to today’s right-wing terrorism.
Already observers have signalled the decline of violent Islamic movements and the rise of far-right extremist activities. Is right-wing violent extremism the new fifth wave of modern terrorism?
If so, there’s no doubt the negative societal impacts of COVID-19 will only help accelerate the radicalization of its adherents.
And if the duration of the previous four waves have taught us anything, it’s that this new one could be around for many more years to come.
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