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【○隻字片羽○雪泥鴻爪○】



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既然有緣到此一訪,
何妨放鬆一下妳(你)的心緒,
歇一歇妳(你)的腳步,
讓我陪妳(你)喝一杯香醇的咖啡吧!

這裡是一個完全開放的交心空間,
躺在綠意漾然的草原上,望著晴空的藍天,
白雲和微風嬉鬧著,無拘無束的赤著腳,
可以輕輕鬆鬆的道出心中情。

天馬行空的釋放著胸懷,緊緊擁抱著彼此的情緒。
共同分享著彼此悲歡離合的酸甜苦辣。
互相激勵,互相撫慰,互相提攜,
一齊向前邁進。

也因為有妳(你)的來訪,我們認識了。
請讓我能擁有機會回拜於妳(你)空間的機會。
謝謝妳(你)!

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2016年8月18日 星期四

Climate change could make beaches saltier


http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/climate-change-global-warming-beaches-salt-sand-high-tide-a7186381.html

Climate change could make beaches saltier

Crabs and other coastal creatures could be affected by increased salinity
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Climate change is expected to make beaches get saltier, leading to potentially significant changes for crabs, sea birds and other coastal creatures, according to a new study.
Researchers had expected the subsurface or ‘pore’ water in beaches to be about as salty as the waves washing over it.
However, they discovered that at the high tide mark on a beach in Delaware Bay, average salinity was more than twice the seawater and up to four times higher in places.
It is thought that evaporation is the main reason behind the increased concentration and suggested this could intensify due to climate change.
In the journal Scientific Reports, they said: “An increase in temperature or a decrease in relative humidity – for example, due to climate change – would not only increase the pore-water salinity in the beach, but would also alter its spatial distribution; abrupt salinity increases are expected to occur immediately near the water line.”
The scientists, from New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), tested 400 different samples at different times of the day and night on seven days.
They found the seawater had salt concentrations of 25 grams per litre (g/L), compared to an average of 60 g/L at the high tide mark, with some places as high as 100 g/L.
Dr Xiaolong Geng, a postdoctoral fellow at NJIT and the principal author of the paper, said: “These elevated levels can only be caused by evaporation, as there is no other mechanism for increasing the salt in pore water – the water trapped between the grains of sediment.
“Evaporation is an important driver of underground water flow and salinity gradients, and animals such as mussels and crabs are affected by changes in salinity. If the concentrations are too high or too low, they will move away.”
Dr Michel Boufadel, who also took part in the study, said the changes could also affect freshwater in coastal areas.
“Previous studies have identified seawater as the primary source of salinity in coastal aquifer systems, thereby concluding that seawater infiltration always increases pore-water salinity by seawater-groundwater mixing dynamics,” he said.
“Based on what we learned, we think this finding should alter the way water management in coastal areas is conducted.”



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