【2/26新聞想想】美國將禁止進口奴工童工製造商品

【2/26新聞想想】美國將禁止進口奴工童工製造商品

美聯社報導，歐巴馬政府簽署一項新法令「貿易促進與執行法」（The Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act），進一步落實了已存在86年之久卻很少被施行的法令「關稅法」（The Tariff Act），禁止美國進口任何由奴工或童工生產的產品。

關稅法自1930年即已立法，授予海關查扣奴工生產的產品並禁止進口，但因為「消費者需求」的理由，歷史上只被使用39次，最後一次使用已是2000年。如今的最新立法，預料將在全球造成跟進效應。

未來如果海關收到人權團體訴願，顯示某產品為奴工或童工製造，即有權發動調查。目前勞動部已握有一份包含350項產品在內的清單，包括來自土耳其的花生、迦納的黃金、印度的地毯和泰國的魚蝦等等。

http://www.msn.com/…/obama-bans-us-imports-of-sl…/ar-BBpXj0P

Obama bans US imports of slave-produced goods

Associated Press

By MARTHA MENDOZA, Associated Press1 day ago

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© AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster, File FILE - President Barack Obama pauses as he speaks as he and first lady Michelle Obama host the “In Performance at the White House” series in the East Room of the White House, in Washington, Wednesday, Feb. 24…

Federal officials are preparing to enforce an 86-year-old ban on importing goods made by children or slaves under new provisions of a law signed by President Barack Obama.

"This law slams shut an unconscionable and archaic loophole that forced America to accept products made by children or slave labor," said Sen. Ron Wyden, an Oregon democrat who worked on the legislation.

The Tariff Act of 1930, which gave Customs and Border Protection the authority to seize shipments where forced labor was suspected and block further imports, was last used in 2000, and has been used only 39 times all together largely because of two words: "consumptive demand" — if there was not sufficient supply to meet domestic demand, imports were allowed regardless of how they were produced.

The Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act signed by Obama on Wednesday eliminated that language, allowing stiffer enforcement. US Customs and Border Protection Commissioner Gil Kerlikowske and agency leaders are planning a briefing Friday to explain how they'll be implementing the new law.

"If the U.S. government works to really keep out goods made with forced labor, this change will have a profound ripple effect on supply chains worldwide," said David Abramowitz, who advocated for the change as vice president for Humanity United.

To start an investigation, Customs needs to receive a petition from anyone — a business, an agency, even a non-citizen — showing "reasonably but not conclusively" that imports were made at least in part with forced labor.

© AP Photo/Margie Mason In this Monday, April 20, 2015 photo, former fishing slaves who were rescued by Indonesian government from the remote island of Benjina following Associated Press investigation into slavery in seafood industry gather…A Labor Department list of more than 350 goods produced by child labor or forced labor provides a detailed breakdown that human rights groups plan to use as they petition the government to take action. These include peanuts from Turkey, gold from Ghana, carpets from India and fish and shrimp from Thailand.

An expose by The Associated Press last year found Thai companies ship seafood to the U.S. that was caught and processed by trapped and enslaved workers. As a result of the reports, more than 2,000 trapped fishermen have been rescued, more than a dozen alleged traffickers arrested and millions of dollars' worth of seafood and vessels seized.

Last April AP also identified and highlighted the legal loophole that allowed continued imports of slave-caught seafood; a month later Obama promised to repeal the consumptive demand exception and ensured "swift, strong and effective enforcement."

Subsequent reporting by AP, the New York Times and other media has continued to highlight both the inhumane working conditions in the Thai seafood sector, and the legal loophole that allowed continued imports.

Gavin Gibbons, a spokesman for National Fisheries Institute, which represents about 75 percent of the U.S. seafood industry, said Thursday their members want to see the ban enforced.

"We support the closing of this anachronistic loophole and look forward to fair and judicious implementation," he said.