http://e-info.org.tw/node/117243
擬禁電子垃圾出口 美眾議院提聯邦新法案
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本報2016年7月22日綜合外電報導，姜唯編譯；蔡麗伶審校
電子垃圾正成為世界上最大的垃圾來源之一，但美國目前還沒有任何聯邦法令禁止電子垃圾出口。據環境媒體Environmental leader報導，美國眾議員本月提出新法案，通過後將可防止電子垃圾進入中國和其他國家。
環團以GPS 追蹤美國電子廢棄物流向台中。圖片來源：截圖自 BAN and MIT-SCL. 共同製作的互動網站 。
法案提案人格林（Gene Green）和庫克（Paul Cook）指出，透過「安全電子廢棄物出口和回收法」（Secure E-waste Export and Recycling Act，SEERA），未來有望禁止電子垃圾進入中國和其他國家，鼓勵負責任地回收電子廢棄物。然而，廢原材和功能正常的電子用品則不在限制範圍內。
SEERA法案要求在國內回收所有未經測試、無法使用的電子裝置。根據國會新聞稿，除了更妥善管理電子廢棄物外，這個法案能讓二手電子用品不落入偽造和資料竊取人士之手。
2012年參議院軍事委員會的研究發現，軍事科技中有1800件零件偽造案例。
據美環保署估計，電子垃圾量的成長速度比其他管制垃圾要快二到三倍。但是，美國目前沒有任何聯邦法令禁止出口電子垃圾，並確保妥善安全地丟棄和回收，只有27州和哥倫比亞特區有電子垃圾回收法令。
格林指出：「電子垃圾在國內成長速度相當快。這個問題會越來越嚴重，除非國會有所作為，確保電子垃圾在美國境內被妥善回收，不會落入海外偽造者之手。」
今年5月，國際有毒物質貿易監督組織巴塞爾行動網（Basel Action Network，BAN）指控戴爾電腦出口電子垃圾，違反公司自家內部政策。
BAN的電子垃圾透明計畫，將GPS追蹤器藏在印表機、螢幕等有害廢棄電子設備中，追蹤其去向，並發表第一份系列報告「Goodwill和戴爾電腦出口大眾電子垃圾至開發中國家」（Disconnect: Goodwill and Dell Exporting the Public's E-waste to Developing Countries）。
報告指出，發出去的追蹤器中有65個（32.5%）透過貨櫃船出口到海外。當時，戴爾電腦向媒體表示已深入調查是否確有此事。
在香港新界發現的戴爾廢螢幕，直接暴露在戶外。圖片來源：baselactionnetwork（CC BY-NC-ND 2.0）
E-Waste Export Bill Introduced in Congress
A bill that would limit e-waste exports has been introduced in the US House of Representatives.
HR 5579, the Secure E-waste Export and Recycling Act (SEERA), would stop the flow of e-waste to China and other counties and encourage responsible electronics recycling, according to the bill’s authors Rep. Gene Green (D-TX) and Rep. Paul Cook (R-CA). Scrap material for recycling and functional devices would still be allowed, Waste Dive reports.
SEERA would require domestic recycling of all untested, nonworking electronics. In addition to better managing e-waste, this would also keep used electronics “out the hands of counterfeiters and data thieves,” according to a press release.
A 2012 Senate Armed Services Committee study found 1,800 cases of counterfeit parts in military technology.
The EPA estimates e-waste is growing at a rate of two to three times faster than any other regulated waste stream. There is currently no federal law that prohibits exporting e-waste and mandates safe disposal and recycling of electronics. Twenty-seven states and the District of Columbia, however, have e-recycling laws on the books.
“E-waste is the fast growing segment of our domestic waste stream,” Green said in a statement. “This problem will continue to grow unless Congress acts to ensure that electronic waste is recycled responsibly in the United States and out of the hands of counterfeiters overseas.”
In May, a report by watchdog organization Basel Action Network (BAN) accused Dell of exporting e-waste, in violation of its own policies.
The report, Disconnect: Goodwill and Dell Exporting the Public’s E-waste to Developing Countries, is the first to be published as part of BAN’s e-Trash Transparency Project. The project placed GPS tracking devices into old hazardous electronic equipment such as printers and computer monitors.
It found that instead of being recycled, 65 (32.5 percent) of these devices were exported overseas on container ships.
At the time, Dell told Environmental Leader Dell is was investigating claims that it exported e-waste. “We applaud efforts to address the complex challenges of electronic recycling,” said Dell spokesperson Carly Tatum in an email.
Read more:http://www.environmentalleader.com/2016/07/07/e-waste-export-bill-introduced-in-congress/#ixzz4FBIxywaD
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