http://e-info.org.tw/node/115422
氣候變遷殺死五座小島 研究首次證實暖化滅頂說
文字大小
210 1 Share1
本報2016年5月18日綜合外電報導，吳郁娟編譯；蔡麗伶審校
澳洲研究顯示，由於海平面上升與海岸侵蝕，五座太平洋小島已經消失，這是科學界首度證實氣候變遷對太平洋島嶼海岸線的影響。
因為氣候變遷導致海平面上升，索羅門群島已喪失了五座無人小島。圖片來源：聯合國 United Nations Photo（CC BY-NC-ND 2.0）。
海水每年上升十毫米 島國傳說獲科學證實
此份研究發表在「環境調查簡訊期刊」（Online Journal Environmental Research Letters）。調查發現，這些遭海水淹沒的小島隸屬所羅門群島（Solomon Islands），過去20年來環繞這群島的海水每年上升十毫米。
這些消失小島的面積從一公頃到五公頃左右，皆是不適合人居的環境。然而，該國另外六座島嶼，也有大片土地遭海水侵襲，其中二座島嶼的村莊全被摧毀，居民被迫搬離家園。例如 Nuatambu島上原本有25戶，自從2011年起，已失去11戶，島上一半可居住面積流失。
太平洋島國間一直流傳氣候變遷導致海岸流失、沿海居民身受氣候變遷所苦的傳聞，而該研究首次以科學方式證實這項傳聞有其根據。
研究人員使用空照圖與衛星影像比對自1947年至今，33座島嶼的空拍圖，並且參考當地的傳統知識、加上運用放射性碳定年法確認樹林進行這項研究。
島民遷移計畫實施中 盼國際綠色氣候基金援助
所羅門群島由數百個島嶼組成的國家，人口約64萬，位於澳洲東北方約1000公里。該國官員表示，此項研究提醒政府正視安置計畫。國家災難中心局長馬塔奇（Mataki）則呼籲已開發國家與國際金融機構，例如綠色氣候基金，提供協助。
綠色氣候基金隸屬聯合國氣候綱要公約，主要提供資金予氣候變遷受害國。上個月，所羅門群島與其他176國家共同簽署去年底在巴黎通過的最新氣候協議。
有些小島正實行遷移計畫，搬遷到鄰近地區或較高的火山島。高齡94歲的島民Sirilo Sutaroti 被迫搬離Nararo島。他告訴研究人員，「海水早就侵入小島，我們得搬到高處，遠離海水再重建家園。」
http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/may/10/five-pacific-islands-lost-rising-seas-climate-change?CMP=share_btn_fb#_=_
Five Pacific islands lost to rising seas as climate change hits
Six more islands have large swaths of land, and villages, washed into sea as coastline of Solomon Islands eroded and overwhelmed
Five tiny Pacific islands have disappeared due to rising seas and erosion, a discovery thought to be the first scientific confirmation of the impact of climate change on coastlines in the Pacific, according to Australian researchers.
The submerged islands were part of the Solomon Islands, an archipelago that over the last two decades has seen annual sea levels rise as much as 10mm (0.4in), according to research published in the May issue of the online journal Environmental Research Letters.
The missing islands, ranging in size from 1 to 5 hectares (2.5-12.4 acres) were not inhabited by humans.
But six other islands had large swaths of land washed into the sea and on two of those, entire villages were destroyed and people forced to relocate, the researchers found.
One was Nuatambu island, home to 25 families, which has lost 11 houses and half its inhabitable area since 2011, the research said.
The study is the first that scientifically “confirms the numerous anecdotal accounts from across the Pacific of the dramatic impacts of climate change on coastlines and people,” the researchers wrote in a separate commentary on an academic website.
The scientists used aerial and satellite images dating back to 1947 of 33 islands, as well as traditional knowledge and radiocarbon dating of trees for their findings.
The Solomon Islands, a nation made up of hundreds of islands and with a population of about 640,000, lies about 1,000 miles north-east of Australia.
The study raises questions about the role of government in relocation planning, said a Solomon Islands official.
“This ultimately calls for support from development partners and international financial mechanisms such as the Green Climate Fund,” Melchior Mataki, head of the Solomon Islands’ National Disaster Council, was quoted as saying in the commentary.
The Green Climate Fund, part of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, was founded to help countries deal with climate change.
In April, the Solomon Islands was among the 177 nations that signed a global agreement reached in Paris to curb climate change.
Ad hoc relocation has occurred on the islands, the study said. Several Nuatambu islanders moved to a neighbouring, higher volcanic island, the study said. Other people were forced to move from the island of Nararo.
Sirilo Sutaroti, 94, is among those who had to relocate from Nararo. He told researchers: “The sea has started to come inland, it forced us to move up to the hilltop and rebuild our village there away from the sea.”
沒有留言:
張貼留言